Vietnamese has three variations of the vowel _a_, and I'm finding it useful to relate them to their equivalents in Hindi:

| Vietnamese | Hindi | Example |
|---|---|---|
| â | अ | cân (to weigh) ≈ “kan” with the अ of कन |
| ă | आ (cut short) | ăn (to eat), a quick, bright “aan” |
| a | आ (long) | ba (three) ≈ बा |

This does not cover tone marks (á, à, ả, ã, ạ), which are harder for me to grasp, since Hindi is not a tonal language.

Written with AI assistance.